Wing Chun වලට "Gee Seen" නමැති මහාචාර්යයවරයාගේ ඇති සම්බන්ද කම

*යුධ සටන් කලා මහාචාර්යයවරුන් පස් දෙනෙකුගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් සැදෙන්නට ගොසින් ගැහැණියෙක් ගෙන් 
නිම වුණු Wing Chun*

*The Founder Of Wing Chun Kung Fu Mistress Ng Mui*

මගේ කතාව මම මෙතන සිට පවසන්නම්.
වර්ෂ (1644-1912) 
ශාඕලින් ආරාමයට එල්ල වූ දරුණු ප්‍රහාරය හමුවේ පුහුණු අඩාල වූ අතර
මහාචාර්යයවරු පස් දෙනා සිය දිවි බේරාගැනීමට පස් ප්‍රදේශයකට පලා ගියෝය.

මෙයින් අවසානයේදී
දිවි බේරාගත් අය වුයේ Ng Mui, Bak Mei පමණි.
ඒකෙනුත් තුන්
දෙනෙක්ට වෙච්ච දෙයක් ගැන චීන සටන් කලා ඉතිහාසයේ සදහන් වෙන්නේ නෑ.
ඒ පස්දෙනා,එනම් [Fong Do Duk, Ng Mui, Bak Mei, Gee Seen, Maio Hin]
නමුත් මෙම Lineage Tree එකේ මම High Light කරලා තියෙන තැන බලන්න.
දිවි බෙර ගන්නේ 2 පමණි. එනම් Ng Mui, Bak Mei පමණි.
නමුත් මෙහි එන Gee Seen විසින් Leung Yee Tye වෙත දෙන දැනුම කුමක් ද?
Gee Seen ගැන කිසිම සටහනක් චීන සටන් කලා ඉතිහාසයේ සදහන් වෙන්නේ නෑ.
මම කරපු එක් ගවේෂණයකින් මට හැගුනේ Gee Seen ඇවිත් නැවියෙකි ඔහු විසින්
(Long Pole-Luk Dim Boon) and (Bai Chum Dao- Butterfly Knives) යන
ආයුධ එක් කර ඇති බවයි. නමුත් මෙය මටද 100% විශ්වාස නැත.
මුල්ම කාලයේ ආයුධ තිබ්බේ නෑ.
නමුත් චීන සටන් කලා ඉතිහාසයේ මෙලෙසද සදහන් වේ.
Bak Mei යනු දිවි බේරාගත් එක් මහාචාර්යයවරයෙකි ඔහු Bak Mei Kung Fu හි පියාය.
Bak Mei Kung Fu වලින් Long Pole ද, Nang Chun Kung Fu වලින් Butterfly Knives යන ආයුධ එක් කරයි.

**Bak Mei Kung Fu ගැන ළගදීම කියන්නම්**

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Yin and Yang In Medical Theory


from Patricia Ebrey, Chinese Civilization : A Sourcebook, 2d ed. (New York: Free Press, 1993), pp. 77-79

[Ebrey Introduction] The concepts of Yin and Yang and the Five Agents provided the intellectual framework of much of Chinese scientific thinking especially in fields like biology and medicine The organs of the body were seen to be interrelated in the same sorts of ways as other natural phenomena, and best understood by looking for correlations and correspondences. Illness was seen as a disturbance in the balance of Yin and Yang or the Five Agents caused by emotions, heat or cold, or other influences. Therapy thus depended on accurate diagnosis of the source of the imbalance.

The earliest surviving medical texts are fragments of manuscript from early Han tombs. Besides general theory, these texts cover drugs, gymnastics, minor surgery, and magic spells. The text which was to become the main source of medical theory also apparently dates from the Han. It is the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine, supposed to have been written during the third millennium BCE by the mythical Yellow Emperor. A small portion of it is given below.


The Yellow Emperor said ''The principle of Yin and Yang is the foundation of the entire universe. It underlies everything in creation. It brings about the development of parenthood; it is the root and source of life and death it is found with the temples of the gods In order to treat and cure diseases one must search for their origins.
"Heaven was created by the concentration of Yang, the force of light, earth was created by the concentration of Yin, the forces of darkness. Yang stands for peace and serenity; Yin stands for confusion and turmoil. Yang stands for destruction; Yin stands for conservation. Yang brings about disintegration; Yin gives shape to things....

The pure and lucid element of light is manifested in the upper artifices and the turbid element of darkness is manifested in the lower orifices. Yang, the element of light, originates in the pores. Yin, the element of darkness, moves within the five viscera. Yang the lucid force of light truly is represented by the four extremities- and Yin the

turbid force of darkness stores the power of the six treasures of nature. Water is an embodiment of Yin as fire is an embodiment of Yang. Yang creates the air, while Yin creates the senses, which belong to the physical body When the physical body dies, the spirit is restored to the air, its natural environment. The spirit receives its nourishment through the air, and the body receives its nourishment through the senses

"If Yang is overly powerful, then Yin may be too weak. If Yin is particularly strong, then Yang is apt to be defective If the male force is overwhelming, then there will be excessive heat. If the female force is overwhelming, then there will be excessive cold. Exposure to repeated and severe heat will induce chills. Cold injures the body while heat injures the spirit When the spirit is hurt, severe pain will ensue. When the body is hurt, there will be swelling. Thus, when severe pain occurs first and swelling comes on later, one may infer that a disharmony in the spirit has done harm to the body. Likewise, when swelling appears first and severe pain is felt later on, one can say that a dysfunction in the body has injured the spirit....

"Nature has four seasons and five elements. To grant long life, these seasons and elements must store up the power of creation in cold, heat, dryness, moisture, and wind. Man has five viscera in which these five climates are transformed into joy, anger, sympathy, grief. and fear. The emotions of joy and anger are injurious to the spirit just as cold and heat are injurious to the body. Violent anger depletes Yin; violent joy depletes Yang. When rebellious emotions rise to Heaven the pulse expires and leaves the body When joy and anger are without moderation, then cold and heat exceed all measure, and life is no longer secure. Yin and Yang should be respected to an equal extent.

The Yellow Emperor asked, "Is there any alternative to the law of Yin and Yang?"

Qi Bo answered: "When Yang is the stronger, the body is hot, the pores are closed, and people begin to pant; they become boisterous and coarse and do not perspire. They become feverish, their mouths are dry and sore, their stomachs feel tight, and they die of constipation. When Yang is the stronger, people can endure winter but not summer. When Yin is the stronger, the body is cold and covered with perspiration. People realize they are ill; they tremble and feel chilly. When they feel chilled, their spirits become rebellious. Their stomachs can no long digest food and they die. When Yin is stronger, people can endure summer but not winter. Thus Yin and Yang alternate. Their ebbs and surges vary, and so does the character of the diseases."

The Yellow Emperor asked, "Can anything be done to harmonize and adjust these two principles of nature?" Qi Bo answered: "If one has the ability to know the seven injuries and the eight advantages, one can bring the two principles into harmony. If one does not know how to use this knowledge, his life will be doomed to early decay. By the age of forty the Yin force in the body has been reduced to one-half of its natural vigor and an individual's youthful prowess has deteriorated. By the age of fifty the body has grown heavy. The ears no longer hear well. The eyes no longer see clearly By the age of sixty the life producing power of Yin has declined to a very low level. Impotence sets in The nine orifices no longer benefit each other....

Those who seek wisdom beyond the natural limits will retain good hearing and clear vision. Their bodies will remain light and strong. Although they grow old in years, they will stay able-bodied and vigorous and be capable of governing to great advantage. For this reason the ancient sages did not rush into the affairs of the world. In their pleasures and joys they were dignified and tranquil. They did what they thought best and did not bend their will or ambition to the achievement of empty ends Thus their allotted span of life was without limit, like that of Heaven and earth. This is the way the ancient sages controlled and conducted themselves.

"By observing myself I learn about others, and their diseases become apparent to me. By observing the external symptoms, I gather knowledge about the internal diseases One should watch for things out of the ordinary One should observe minute and trifling things and treat them as if the were big and important. When they are treated the danger they pose will be dissipated. Experts in examining patients judge their general appearance; they feel their pulse and determine whether it is Yin or Yang that causes the disease.... To determine whether Yin or Yang predominates, one must be able to distinguish a light pulse of low tension from a hard. pounding one With a disease of Yang, Yin predominates With a disease of Yin, Yang predominates When one is filled with vigor and strength, Yin and Yang are in proper harmony.

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Reference: http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~shlede/ying/yang.html

The meaning of Yin-Yang

This Simbol(Yin-Yang) represents the ancient Chinese understanding of how things work. The outer circle represents "everything", while the black and white shapes within the circle represent the interaction of two energies, called "yin" (black) and "yang" (white), which cause everything to happen. They are not completely black or white, just as things in life are not completely black or white, and they cannot exist without each other.
While "yin" would be dark, passive, downward, cold, contracting, and weak, "yang" would be bright, active, upward, hot, expanding, and strong. The shape of the yin and yang sections of the symbol, actually gives you a sense of the continual movement of these two energies, yin to yang and yang to yin, causing everything to happen: just as things expand and contract, and temperature changes from hot to cold.

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Soviet Sambo

Sambo (Russian: самбо; САМооборона Без Оружия) is a Russian martial art and combat sport. 
The word "SAMBO" is an acronym for SAMooborona Bez Oruzhiya, which literally translates as 
"self-defense without weapons". Sambo is relatively modern since its development began in the 
early 1920s by the Soviet Red Army to improve their hand to hand combat abilities. 
Intended to be a merger of the most effective techniques of other martial arts, Sambo 
has roots in Japanese judo plus traditional folk styles of wrestling such as: Armenian Kokh,
Georgian Chidaoba, Moldavian Trîntǎ, Tatar Köräş, Uzbek Kurash, Mongolian Khapsagay and
Azerbaijani Gulesh.
The pioneers of Sambo were Viktor Spiridonov and Vasili Oshchepkov. Oshchepkov died in
prison as a result of the political purges of 1937 after accusations of being a Japanese spy.
Oshchepkov spent much of his life living in Japan and training judo under its founder Kano Jigoro.
The two men independently developed two different styles, which eventually cross-pollinated and
became what is known as Sambo. Compared to Oshchepkov's judo based system, then called
"Freestyle Wrestling", Spiridonov's style was softer and less strength dependent. This was in
large part due to Spiridonov's injuries sustained during World War I.
Anatoly Kharlampiev, a student of Vasili Oshchepkov, is often officially considered the founder
of Sport Sambo. In 1938, it was recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee.

There are three FIAS recognized competitive sport variations of Sambo
(though Sambo techniques and principles can be applied to many other combat sports).
Sport Sambo (Russian: Борьбa Самбо,Bor'ba Sambo, Sambo Wrestling (eng))
is stylistically similar to Olympic Freestyle Wrestling or Judo, but with some
differences in rules, protocol, and uniform. For example, in contrast with judo,
Sambo allows some types of leg locks, while not allowing chokeholds. It focuses
on throwing, ground work and submissions, with (compared to Judo) very few
restrictions on gripping and holds.
Combat Sambo (Russian: Боевое Самбо, Boyevoye Sambo). Utilized and
developed for the military, Combat Sambo resembles modern mixed martial arts,
including extensive forms of striking and grappling where (unlike Sport Sambo)
choking and bent joint locks are legal. Competitors wear jackets as in sport sambo,
but also hand protection and sometimes shin and head protection. The first FIAS World
Combat Sambo Championships were held in 2001.
Freestyle Sambo – uniquely American set of competitive Sambo rules created by the American Sambo
Association (ASA) in 2004. These rules differ from traditional Sport Sambo in that they allow choke
holds and other submissions from Combat Sambo that are not permitted in Sport Sambo as well as
certain neck cranks and twisting leg locks. Freestyle Sambo, like all Sambo, focuses on throwing
skills and fast ground work. No strikes are permitted in Freestyle Sambo. The ASA created this rule set in order
to encourage non-Sambo practitioners from judo and jiujitsu to participate in Sambo events.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)

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Taekwondo

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea. In Korean, tae means "to strike or 
break with foot"; kwon means "to strike or break with fist"; and do means "way", "method", or "path". Thus, 
taekwondo may be loosely translated as "the way of the hand and the foot." 

[1] The name taekwondo is also 
written as taekwon-do, tae kwon-do, or tae kwon do by various organizations, based on historical, philosophical, 
or political[citation needed] reasons.
It combines combat techniques, self-defense, sport, exercise, and in some
cases meditation and philosophy. In 1989, Taekwondo was the world's most
popular martial art in terms of number of practitioners.

[2] Gyeorugi (pronounced [ɡjʌɾuɡi]), a type
of sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000.
There are two main branches of taekwondo development, which are not necessarily mutually exclusive:
"Traditional taekwondo" typically refers to the martial art as it was established in the
1950s and 1960s in the South Korean military, and in various civilian organisations,
including schools and universities. In particular, the names and symbolism of the traditional patterns often refer to
elements of Korean history, culture and religious philosophy. Today, the Kukkiwon, or World Taekwondo
Headquarters is the traditional center for Taekwondo in Korea.
"Sport taekwondo" has developed in the decades since the 1950s and may have a
somewhat different focus, especially in terms of its emphasis on speed and competition (as in Olympic sparring).
Sport taekwondo is in turn subdivided into two main styles; one derives from Kukkiwon, the source of the
sparring system sihap gyeorugi which is now an event at the summer Olympic Games and which is governed by
the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). The other comes from the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF).

[3] Although there are doctrinal and technical differences between the two main styles and among
the various organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, employing the leg's
greater reach and power (compared to the arm). Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, kicks,
punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks.
Some taekwondo instructors also incorporate the use of pressure points, known as jiapsul, as well as grabbing
self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such as hapkido and judo.

History

See also: Korean martial arts
The oldest Korean martial art was an amalgamation of unarmed combat styles developed by the three rival Korean Kingdoms of Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje,[4] where young men were trained in unarmed combat techniques to develop strength, speed, and survival skills. The most popular of these techniques was subak, with taekkyeon being the most popular of the segments of subak. Those who demonstrated strong natural aptitude were selected as trainees in the new special warrior corps, called the Hwarang. It was believed that young men with a talent for the liberal arts may have the grace to become competent warriors. These warriors were instructed in academics as well as martial arts, learning philosophy, history, a code of ethics, and equestrian sports. Their military training included an extensive weapons program involving swordsmanship and archery, both on horseback and on foot, as well as lessons in military tactics and unarmed combat using subak. Although subak was a leg-oriented art in Goguryeo, Silla's influence added hand techniques to the practice of subak.
During this time a few select Silla warriors were given training in taekkyeon by the early masters
from Koguryo. These warriors then became known as the Hwarang. The Hwarang set up a military
academy for the sons of royalty in Silla called Hwarang-do, which means "the way of flowering
manhood." The Hwarang studied taekkyeon, history, Confucian philosophy, ethics, Buddhist morality,
social skills and military tactics. The guiding principles of the Hwarang warriors were based on Won Gwang's
five codes of human conduct and included loyalty, filial duty, trustworthiness, valor and justice. Taekkyeon was
spread throughout Korea because the Hwarang traveled all around the peninsula to learn about the other regions
and people.
In spite of Korea's rich history of ancient and traditional martial arts, Korean martial arts faded into obscurity
during the Joseon Dynasty. Korean society became highly centralized under Korean Confucianism and martial
arts were poorly regarded in a society whose ideals were epitomized by its scholar-kings. Formal practices
of traditional martial arts such as subak and taekkyeon were reserved for sanctioned military uses. Civilian folk
practice of taekkyeon persisted into the 19th century.
During the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910–1945), all facets of ethnic Korean identity were
banned or suppressed. Traditional Korean martial arts such as taekkyeon or subak were banned
during this time.During the occupation, Koreans who were able to study and receive rankings in
Japan were exposed to Japanese martial arts. Others were exposed to martial arts in China and Manchuria.
When the occupation ended in 1945, Korean martial arts schools (kwans) began to open in Korea under
various influences. There are differing views on the origins of the arts taught in these schools. Some
believe that they taught martial arts that were based primarily upon the traditional Korean martial arts taekkyon
and subak, or that taekwondo was derived from native Korean martial arts with influences
from neighboring countries.Still others believe that these schools taught arts that were
almost entirely based upon karate.
In 1952, at the height of the Korean War, there was a martial arts exhibition in which the kwans displayed their
skills. In one demonstration, Nam Tae Hi smashed 13 roof tiles with a punch. Following this demonstration,
South Korean President Syngman Rhee instructed Choi Hong Hi to introduce the martial arts to the Korean army.
By the mid-1950s, nine kwans had emerged. Syngman Rhee ordered that the various schools unify under a single
system. The name "taekwondo" was submitted by either Choi Hong Hi (of the Oh Do Kwan) or Song Duk Son
(of the Chung Do Kwan), and was accepted on April 11, 1955. As it stands today, the nine kwans are the founders
of taekwondo,[26] though not all the kwans used the name. The Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed
in 1959/1961 to facilitate the unification.
In the early 1960s, Taekwondo made its début worldwide with assignment of the original masters of taekwondo
to various countries. Standardization efforts in South Korea stalled, as the kwans continued to teach differing
styles. Another request from the Korean government for unification resulted in the formation of the
Korea Tae Soo Do Association, which changed its name back to the Korea Taekwondo Association in
1965 following a change of leadership. The International Taekwon-Do Federation was founded in 1966,
followed by World Taekwondo Federation in 1973.
Since 2000, Taekwondo has been one of only two Asian martial arts (the other being judo) that are included
in the Olympic Games; it became a demonstration event starting with the 1988 games in Seoul, and became
an official medal event starting with the 2000 games in Sydney. In 2010, Taekwondo was accepted as a
Commonwealth Games sport.
One source has estimated that as of 2009, Taekwondo was practiced in 123 countries, with over 30 million
practitioners and 3 million individuals with black belts throughout the world.[citation needed] The South
Korean government in the same year published an estimate of 70 million practitioners in 190 countries.

Features

A jumping reverse hook kick
See also: List of Taekwondo techniques and Kick
Taekwondo is known for its emphasis on kicking techniques, which distinguishes it from martial arts such as
karate or southern styles of kung fu. The rationale is that the leg is the longest and strongest weapon a martial
artist has, and kicks thus have the greatest potential to execute powerful strikes without successful retaliation.
Historically, the Koreans thought that the hands were too valuable to be used in combat.[citation needed]
Taekwondo as a martial art is popular with people of both genders and of many ages. Physically, taekwondo
develops strength, speed, balance, flexibility, and stamina. An example of the union of mental and physical
discipline is the breaking of wooden boards, bricks or tiles, which requires both physical mastery of the technique
and the concentration to focus one's power.
A taekwondo student typically wears a uniform (dobok), often white but sometimes black (or other colors), with
a belt (dti) tied around the waist. There are at least three major styles of do-bok, with the most obvious differences
being in the style of jacket: (1) the cross-over front jacket that resembles traditional Asian clothing, (2) the
V-neck jacket (no cross-over) typically worn by WTF practitioners, and (3) the vertical-closing front jacket
(no cross-over) typically worn by ITF practitioners. The belt colour and any insignia thereon indicate the
student's rank. In general, the darker the colour, the higher the rank. The school or place where instruction
is given is called the do-jang. The grandmaster of the do-jang is called a gwan-jang-nim; Master
(senior instructor or head of do-jang) is called sa-beom-nim; Instructor is called gyo-san-nim;
Assistant Instructor is called jo-gyo-nim
Taekwondo, along with many other martial arts, is traditionally performed in bare feet, though there are
specialist training shoes that can sometimes be worn.
Although each taekwondo club or school will be different, a student typically takes part in most or all
of the following:
Learning the techniques and curriculum of taekwondo
Both anaerobic and aerobic workout, including stretching
Self-defense techniques (hosinsool)
Patterns (also called forms, poomsae, teul, hyeong)
Sparring (called gyeorugi, or matseogi in the ITF), which may include 7-, 3-, 2- and 1-step sparring,
free-style sparring, arranged sparring, point sparring, and other types
Relaxation and meditation exercises; breathing control
Throwing and/or falling techniques (deonjigi and ddeoreojigi )
A focus on mental and ethical discipline, etiquette, justice, respect, and self-confidence
Breaking (gyeokpa or weerok), using techniques to break boards for testing, training and martial arts
demonstrations. Demonstrations often also incorporate bricks, tiles, and blocks of ice or other materials.
Can be separated into three types:
Power breaking – using straightforward techniques to break as many boards as possible
Speed breaking – boards are held loosely by one edge, putting special focus on the speed required to perform
the break
Special techniques – breaking fewer boards but using jumping or flying techniques to attain greater heights,
distances, or to clear obstacles
Exams to progress to the next rank
Some schools teach the "sine wave" technique when performing patterns. This involves raising one's center of
gravity between techniques, then lowering it as the technique is performed, producing the up-and-down movement
from which the term "sine wave" is derived. Other schools teach that one's center of gravity should remain generally
constant throughout the performance of a pattern except where the pattern's description states otherwise.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tae_kwon_do

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"Love Is Like A Friendship Caught On Fire.
In The Beiginning a Flame, Verry Pretty, Often Hot And Fierce,
But Still Only Light And Flickering.
As Love Grows Older, Our Hearts Mature And Our Love Becomes As Coals,
Deep-Burning And Unquenchable."

[Sijo Bruce Jun Fan Lee]

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"Defeat Is Only Temporary - The Trick Is To Pick Yourself Up
Dust Yourself Down And Start Over Again."

[Sijo Bruce Jun Fan Lee]

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Bruce Lee Interview

Link to Video: http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D19dpUAYEMuk%26feature%3Dshare&h=xAQFKpmRoAQFsfn-6WnT9337xRXNyVtWE19Bn9ERYKN3GzA&enc=AZOR9xVFUORMKDBDH2ipIdzvSLQTXucqS0hUhV14o13o8K5_aIRzesP_t4vwuw6BflCanXXQuXPo5ZDi2kQVUe8w

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Kendo

The modern form of the Japanese art of sword fighting, based on the more traditional Kenjutsu.
Kendo is the modern day equivalent of Japanese sword fighting to classical or Olympic fencing.
Practioners of the sport are usually called Kendoka or Kenshi.
The sport is a very physically and mentally challenging activity that combines strong martial-arts values with sport-like physical elements.
Equipments consist of:
Keikogi - The jacket worn under the bogu. Similar to Judo/Karate Gi, but thicker.
Hakama - Traditional japanese trousers.
Tenugui - A traditional Japanese head towel, worn on the head under the Men.
Bogu - Armor set, which consists of:
Men - The grilled mask that serves as the head protector.
Kote - The gloves.
Do - Chest Protector.
Tare - Protective flaps worn on the waist.
Shinai - Bamboo sword for training and sparring.
Bokken - Hardwood katana, made for kata practices. Trope maker for Wooden Katanas are even better.
There are several types of acceptable striking targets in Kendo:
Men - Strike to the head.
Yoko-Men or Sayu-Men - Strike to the either sides of the head.
Kote - Strike to the forearm.
Do - Strike to the torso area.
Tsuki - Thrusting strike to the throat.
Most schools in Japan typically have a Kendo dojo, and inter-school tournaments are very common in the country. The sport is also practiced in several other countries around the world and governed by the International Kendo Federation. In Korea, the sport is reffered to as Kumdo and for obvious reasons its Japanese orgins are downplayed. Though there are some minor stylistic difference between Korean Kumdo and its more "orthodox" Japanese cousin. Many schools overseas the trace their orgin to Korean Schools also use the name Kumdo.
A related art is Atarashii Naginata, which uses similar equipment and rules, but which arms its participants with bamboo naginatas rather than swords. It used to be that kendo was for boys and Naginata for girls, but this has broken down since the Turn of the Millennium. Naginata adds an additional bit of protective gear, the sune-ate, which covers from the knees to the ankles, and an additional valid attack ("Sune"), to the sune-ate. Kendo and Naginata actually sometimes compete against one another, in matches known as isshu jiai.
Tropes involving Kendo:
Attack! Attack! Attack! - There's a saying in Kendo: "bogyo no tame no bogyo nashi" ("there's no such thing as defense for defense's sake"). Kendo practitioners are trained to respond to attacks by themselves attacking and trying to get there first, rather than focusing on defense.
It should come as no surprise, as this is a culture whose warriors never got around to inventing the shield.
Pre-Heian period Japanese shields exist. Also, flat rectangular bales of straw, small turtle-shell bucklers, and stationary man-height shields were used. It is better to say that individual shields went out of fashion as unimportant equipment for both the horse archers and the fast-moving infantry. One wonders what medieval Japanese army would do with an enemy in tight shield formation...
The drill kalled kiri-kaeshi, which consists of a total of 21 men strikes done in succession, on the move.
Also the practise called kakari-geiko, where the protagonist makes continuous attacks against a defensive opponent yielding openings for strikes.
Blade Lock - Also known as tsuba zeriai in the sport.
Calling Your Attacks - Arguably the Trope Maker, if not Trope Codifier. In Kendo sparring matches or tournaments, points are only given for attacks that are properly called and executed properly.
Counter Attack - Nearly half of the techniques are based on this trope. Bonus points go to debana waza, in which you counter attack before the opponent has even moved. They actually plan to counter a move that hasn't happened yet.
Crowning Moment of Awesome - The counterattack called men-nuki-do. In that move your opponent aims his strike on your head. You take a small side-step, avoid the blow, and simultaneously strike horizontally his right side torso, effectively cutting him in half. Men-nuki-gyaku-do is the same on your opponent's left.
Dual Wielding - The style called nito-ryu
Flynning - Completely averted.
Lighter and Softer: Modern Kendo compared to Pre-WWII Kendo,, which is much more aggressive and violent. Legal moves included grappling, chokeholds, tripping the opponent, and picking him up bodily and tossing him out of the ring.
Kendo Team Captain - Usually one of the top tier fighter in the dojo.
Kiai - Related to Calling Your Attacks, and a very important element of proper Kendo technique.
Kid Samurai - Practically all young Kendo practitioners.
Master Swordsman - Modern real-life incarnations of the trope.
Samurai - Kendo is the modern evolution of Kenjutsu, so many Samurai traditions and concepts survive through the sport.
Single Stroke Battle - Quite common during sparring matches. Kata #7 is a very good example of this.
Suicide Attack - There are some higher level moves that, essentially, only work if your comfortable with dying: the trade off for success is leaving yourself very open during the attack. Sort of a cross between Taking You with Me and Death or Glory Attack. They're for times when (a) you'll probably lose the fight anyway and/or (b) when your opponent dying is more important than your survival.
Sword Fight - Self explanatory.
Twinkle Toes Samurai - Basic Kendo footwork is this, also known as Ashi Sabaki. Its purpose is to make it harder for your opponent to notice that you have begun charging towards him
Wooden Katanas Are Even Better - Basically the entire concept of the sport.
Media that portrays Kendo, or is inspired by Kendo:
Anime and Manga
Asahinagu - Similar to Bamboo Blade, but following the adventures of a naginata club rather than a kendo team.
Bamboo Blade - The main premise of the series.
Rurouni Kenshin - Kamiya-Kasshin Ryu is a Meiji era Kendo dojo.

Reference: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Kendo

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Shaolin kungfu's brief introduction 


The Kungfu is a kind of humanities cultural phenomenon, is a kind of human body appearance culture or is workout, resist enemy, tournament the project have been widely known in China, the women and children all know and have become the precious inheritance of China culture.

But Shaolin kungfu is again Chinese kungfu to have to represent sex most , most the empty words turns a content and has religious cultural bottom Yun most and has complete system most and has authority most and has Chinese fighting skill of mysterious feeling to flow a parties most again, it undoubtedly has become the essential school of thought of Chinese kungfu.

Devolution famous Bodhidharma Zu the teacher face the wall self-discipline for decade in"Shaolin Temple" of in the endless years, talked to spread a body to teach to create Shaolin kungfu to flow a parties, and make Shaolin kungfu have deep humanities cultural content in the beginning, haded moral culture to cultivate mental poise, human nature in Shanhua, the lustration has no for of Wu De.Make Buddhism cultural philosophy of"Chan" wait fighting skill complement each other, attain twos, you win to have me and have you in person of to the high state.

The sky puts forth Shaolin kung.As long as making reference to Shaolin Temple, almost the owners will thought of little martial arts wood first.Shaolin Temple once was for many times ruined by discarding of natural disaster and man-made calamity in more than 1500 years of history, but Shaolin monk with his/her proper way one after one generation it is rumored that, made Shaolin effort spread up to now, be known for world.

Shaolin kungfu is a huge technique system, not"group" or"the boxing grows" of the general meaning.The Chinese boxing structure is complicated, the group is numerous, and Shaolin kungfu only treads world by his/her long history, complete system and superb technique state.According to Shaolin Temple inside the boxing table spreading down jot down, Shaolin kungfu set the road totally have 708 sets, among them, the boxing and apparatus is 552 sets, there are moreover also 72 incomparable skills, arrest, engage in fisticuffs, unload a bone and order cave, and Qi Gong...etc. each kind of achievement the method is 156 sets.Shaolin kungfu spreading down now set the road contain more than 200 sets, among them, the boxing is more than 100 sets, the apparatus is more than 80 sets, to do to wait an other achievement method more than several roads.These contentses press different category and difficult easy degree and organically constitute a technique system that is huge to have a preface.

Shaolin kungfu concretely expresses for with offend to defend the human body of the brawl action for core, with set road for basic unit of manifestation.The set road is put together by a set of action set.Act a design and constitute a set of road, all is establishment at Chinese the human body medical science knowledge of the ancient times up, conform to the sport regulation of human body.Action and set road pays attention to action to combine, yin and yang balance, soft just successive, absolute being form and have, among them, "six match" principle is most famous:Hand and foot match, elbow and knee match, shoulder and Kua match, heart and idea match, idea and spirit match, and spirit and dint match.

The "the nature and man unites as one" thought in Chinese ancient times thinks that the action that conforms to human body natural structure most is the most reasonable.Shaolin kungfu well integrated into ancient Chinese philosophy thought(yin and yang balance, soft just successive, the nature and man unite as one etc.), of set road and set road, not is isolated existent, but the mutual has to look after.

Superficially see, is according to difficult easily and one after another arrange, is the stairs or mode of study;Is thorough ground of to see, in really the performance of ancient Chinese mode of thinking is Chinese traditional the special mode of culture.So, Shaolin kungfu isn't only only a huge technique system."Kungfu" one phrase is Buddhism appropriation word.

Reference: http://www.shaolin-gongfu.net/ns_detail.asp?id=500074&nowmenuid=500071&previd=0

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දන්නවද පිරිමියෙක්ගේ ශිශ්නයට තදින් වදින පහරක් කොච්චර වේදනාකාරිද කියලා! එක හරියට අම්මා කෙනෙක් ළමයි 160 දෙනෙක් බිහි කරනකොට විදින වේදනාවට සමානයි! තව අපේ ශරීරයේ තියෙන ඇට කටු 3000 බිදෙන කොට දැනෙන වේදනවාට වඩා වැඩි! 

A kick in the nuts, its above 9000 in the scale of pain,
similar to giving birth to 160 kids, nd breaking 3000 bones at a time

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**Hap Ki Do**
[Way of Harmony and Inner Power]

THE HISTORY OF HAPKIDO

DAITO-RYU AIKI-JUJITSU FOUNDER/SOKE TAKEDA SOKAKU- AN OFFICER OF THE JAPANSE MILITARY WHOM ANNEXED KOREA DURING WW2.

DURING THAT TIME PERIOD SOKE TAKEDA SOKAKU TOOK CHOI YONG SUL OUT OF KOREA AND TO JAPAN TO LIVE WITH HIM.

CHOI YONG SUL LIVED IN SOKE TAKEDA SOKAKU HOME AND TRAINED JUJITSU WITH HIM EVERYDAY FOR THIRTHY YEARS.CHOI YONG SUL WAS ALSO AN INSTRUCTOR AT SOKE TAKEDA SOKAKU DOJO IN JAPAN AND TRAVELED AROUND WITH HIM DOING JUJITSU SEMINARS.

IN 1943 SOKE TAKEDA SOKAKU DIED.HE WAS THE LAST RECORDED SAMURAI...

SHORTLY AFTER CHOI YONG SUL MOVED BACK TO KOREA AND STARTED TEACHING A PURE FORM OF DAITO-RYU AIKIA JUJITSU CALLED

YU SUL TRANSLATED IN KOREAN MEANS SOFT ART

JUJITSU TRANSLATED IN JAPANESE MEANS SOFT ART

AFTER PLAYING AROUND WITH NAMES CHOI YOUG SUL BECAME FOUNDER/SOKE OF HAPKIDO

HAP - HARMONIZE KI - ENERGY DO - METHOD/PATH

HAPKIDO IS SAID TO HAVE STANDUP STRIKING LIKE TANG SOO DO AND TAEKWONDO WITH JUJITSU/ JUDO LIKE THROWS/JOINT LOCKS/GRAPPLING

HAPKIDO MADE IT'S WAY FROM KOREA TO THE USA IN THE 1980'S.

IN THE USA HAPKIDO IS USUALLY BEING TOUGHT TWO DIFFERENT WAYS

# 1 HIGH KICKS AND KATA FORMS INFLUENCED BY TAEKWONDO

#2 LOW LINE KICKS AND GRAPPLING INFLUENCED BY JU JITSU.




Reference: http://elitefreestylehapkido.com/hapkido-history.php


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Muay Thai Thai Boxing

Muay Thai Thai Boxing

*History of Muay Thai and Muay Thai Training*

Muay Thai or Thai Boxing is the national sport and cultural martial art of Thailand. It was developed several hundreds of years ago as a form of close-combat that utilizes the entire body as a weapon.
Today its definitive origins are debated by modern scholars, as much of the muay thai history was lost when the Burmese ransacked Ayudhaya, Siam’s capital city in Thailand, during the 14th century.
Most written muya thai history was lost when the Burmese looted the temples and depositories of knowledge held in Ayudhaya, and what volumes were saved are now national treasures that are preserved and protected as documentation for Thai culture and heritage.

*History of Muay Thai & Origin*

Muay Thai is referred to as “The Art of Eight Limbs”; and using eight points of contact the body mimics weapons of war. The hands become the sword and dagger; the shins and forearms were hardened in training to act as armor against blows, and the elbow to fell opponents like a heavy mace or hammer; the legs and knees became the axe and staff. The body operated as one unit. The knees and elbows constantly searching and testing for an opening while grappling and trying to spin an enemy to the ground for the kill.
The King of Thailand is an avid fan of Muay Thai. Since being crowned its popularity has grown more than in any other era in history.

*The Sukhothai Era*

In 1238 (Buddhist years), the first Thai army was created in the northern city of Sukhothai, Siam being its capital. The recorded history shows that a need to defend the capital city was spawned by many wars being fought between neighbouring tribes and kingdoms. The Siamese army was created to protect the government and its inhabitants within the city and surrounding villages. Soldiers were taught hand-to-hand combat and how to use weapons, as well as how to use the entire body as a weapon. Their training is what eventually evolved into Muay Thai and Krabi Krabong.
Learning the military arts or “Muay Thai” became engrained in the culture of the early Siamese people. With the constant threat of war, training centers slowly began to appear throughout the kingdom. These were the first Muay Thai camps. Young men practiced the art form for various reasons: self-defense, exercise, discipline; monks even instructed at many Buddhist temples, passing down knowledge and history from one generation to the next.
As Muay Thai became popular with the poor and common people, it also became a required staple for the high-class and royalty. The two sons of King Phokhun Sri In Tharatit, the first King of Sukhothai, were sent to learn at the Samakorn training center. The common idea was that good warriors made brave leaders and this would prepare them as future rulers of the kingdom.
Phokhun Ram Khamhaeng university is named after the writer of the first ancient text of Muay Thai. It is located in Bangkok along with the Sport Authority of Thailand.

*The Krungsri Ayutthaya Era*
With many wars being fought between the developing countries of Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and Cambodia, the development of large armies became necessary to protect and ensure the survival of the Thai kingdom. Young men were trained in warfare at training centers throughout the country, devoting themselves to learning hand-to-hand combat, the sword, staff and stick (“Krabi Krabong”). Phudaisawan Center for swords and pole arms became the most famous of the these training centers and was considered to be the eras equivalent of a college or university education.

*The Era of King Naresuan*

King Naresuan loved Muay Thai and fighting competitions. He would eventually become a Muay Thai legend, calling upon the men who had been beaten and displaced by the Burmese warriors to become scouts and jungle warfare soldiers that would eventually liberate Thailand from it’s Burmese occupants around 1600.

*The Era of King Narai*

During this era Muay Thai became a national sport, developing the fundamental traditions that would remain the same for the next 400 years. The Mongkong (headband) and pa-pra-jiat (armband) were both introduced and the first “ring” was made by laying a rope on the ground in a square or circle as a designated fighting area.
The fighters used hemp ropes and threads as hand coverings which wrapped around the hands and forearms. A thick, starchy liquid would sometimes be used to bind the threads and make the striking surface harder. Now, 400 years later, TWINS is Thailand’s #1 Muay Thai equipment manufacturer.
In the first professional fights, fighters were not matched up by weight, height, experience or age. There were no time limits on fights; they continued until there was a definite winner. Local champions would represent their city or village, and often times fought on behalf of wealthy businessmen or royalty as a way for them to settle disputes. Losing a fight often resulted in the fighter and/or businessman losing face. Gambling on Muay Thai matches was as popular then as it is now in stadiums across the country.

*King Prachao Sau Tiger King Era*

King Prachao Sua loved competing in Muay Thai. He was known for entering tournaments in small cities and villages disguised as a commoner. Because no one recognized him as the King, he was allowed to participate in a tournament against several notable fighters.
According to the legend, he defeated three fighters named Nai Klan Madthai (Killing Fists), Nai Yai Madklek (Fists of Iron), and Nai Lek Madnok (Strong Fists). The “Tiger King” was forced to disguise himself because Thai people hold their King in such high regard that out of respect, no one would have fought him.
Prachao Sua loved the sport so much that he made his two sons, the princes of Thailand, study Muay Thai, sword fighting and wrestling. During this time the Department of Royal Boxing was founded with the responsibility of finding and recruiting worthy men to fight as entertainment for royalty and to become guards in Thani Lir, the royal court. As royal guards, they were also given the task of training the members of royalty in combat and Muay Thai, as they were still at war with Cambodia and Burma.

*The Thonburi Era*

During this period known as the Thonburi Era, Thailand began to see peace and the kingdom was slowly being reconstructed. Training in Muay Thai was generally for Soldiers in the military and a favored past-time for those who were not. With the country’s new found peace, the sport began to turn more competitive. Camps would match their best fighters agasint each other for entertainment. As there were still no formal rules, they lasted until a clear winner was left standing.

*The Ratanakosin Era*

By the time of the reign of Rama I, Muay Thai had become a national fighting art and rules and regulations were introduced. The sport had become an integral part of celebrations and festivities across the country. The length of each round was measured by a coconut with a small hole that would float in water. The coconut filling with water and sinking to the bottom of the barrel signified its end, though there was still no limit to the number of rounds per fight. Combatants continued to fight until a clear winner was chosen, or one person was left standing.

*Reign of Rama I*

Pra Puttha Yord Fa Chulaloke
King Rama I was a Muay Thai enthusiast from an early age, training and traveling to watch matches throughout the kingdom. As the legend goes, in 1788, two brothers from France came to Thailand in search of boxing or fighting competition. One of them was a fighter of some renown and had fought throughout other countries during their travels. He wanted to fight for prizes against a Thai boxer.
The King consulted with Pra Raja Wangbowon, the head of the royal boxing ministry, where they agreed upon a bet of 4000 Baht (50 Changs) and to hold the fight at the Grand Palace at the temple of the emerald Buddha. A ring of 20 X 20 meters was constructed specifically for the fight.
Early in the match it seemed the fighter from France was too strong for the smaller but faster Thai. Eventually he began to tire, and seeing that he was on the verge of losing, his brother broke the rules by hastily jumping into the ring to help. This caused a riot and fighting ensued between the foreigners and Thai guards and spectators. Disgraced by their actions, the brothers left soon after.

*The Golden Age Of Muay Thai*

King Rama V
King Rama V realized the value of Muay Thai and did much to promote the sport from the late 1880′s to the turn of the century. He promoted tournaments and “Muay Luang”, also called Royally appointed Boxing Centers throughout the kingdom, which often served as a way for him to find personal guards or Royal officers when a fighter was victorious.
Often times the top fighters at the Royal Muay Thai Centers would be given personal invitations by the King to fight at tournaments, festivals and important international events. The Department of Education was created in 1887, with Muay Thai as part of the Military Cadet teachers school curriculum.

*World War I*

King Rama VI
Muay Thai was introduced to Europe and the rest of the world during the first great war. Thai soldiers were stationed in France, and the commander would organize Muay Thai bouts for to boost the morale of the servicemen. French boxers would often participate and compete against the Thai fighters.
The first permanent boxing stadium was built at the Suan Khoolab School after the war. They still did not have the modern gloves used today, so fighters’ hands were wrapped in cotton and hemp. Mongkongs were worn on their heads and pra-jiats around their biceps.
The distinctive style that is Muay Thai is thought to have developed over centuries as the major tribes of that era (one of which was the Siamese) migrated through China, Vietnam, Laos, Burma and Cambodia. The Thai tribes moved south, fighting fiercely to survive as they encountered other tribes in what is now northern and central Thailand, and as far south as Malaysia.
The rudimentary elements that defined Thai Boxing as a fighting style began to take root. Through training, military exercises, combat and loss of life, techniques became precise and specific. The goal of each strike and movement is to deliver an excruciating, debilitating blow which would enable the fighter to quickly overcome his rivals without leaving himself exposed to an attack. Thus, proper technique and power strikes were a vital element in their training. Veteran soldiers and fathers taught their students and sons the offensive and defensive tactics and techniques, proper posture and positioning and skills to enhance awareness. Those students and sons went on to teach their children, and from there the core elements that make up Muay Thai today had become a permanant foundation.
It would seem that the most effective hand-to-hand form of combat evolved in a rather Darwin-like manner. It demanded the survival of the fittest: those who fought and prevailed lived and taught others before eventually falling themselves.
The Thai were constantly on guard anticipating attacks from neighboring countries like Burma and Cambodia. The Burmese and Thai had fought each other in many wars over the centuries, causing much destruction in both countries. The wars against the Burmese, Cambodians and other invaders helped refine the art of Muay Thai, teaching the Thai combatants much about engaging in combat.
When the young men returned from tours of duty with the Thai military, they often engaged in matches for sport and fun. Older soldiers, being survivors of many battles and hand-to-hand confrontations, became “Kroo Muay” – instructors and teachers. A local fighter from each province, town and village who showed promise in the sport would garner the respect and support of the local inhabitants. The love of the sport and importance of an effective defense system for the kingdom made Muay Thai a vital part of the Thai culture for the next 500 years as the skills were passed through the generations.

*Wai Kroo/Ram Muay*

The Wai Kroo is a ritualistic dance carried out before fighters engage in the ring. The tradition dates back several centuries and is meant to show honor to the fighter’s teacher, the sport of Muay Thai and his country. The Ram Muay is a dance unique to each master instructor and taught to his students. The student will dance in each direction of the ring, touching each corner post with a prayer, showing his respect to his opponent and the spirits.

*Modern Muay Thai*

Muay Thai has progressed significantly over the past 100 years. Due to the noticable national popularity, it began to garner international recognition and exposure. In World War II, after formally being introduced to Muay Thai, foreigners named it “Siam Boxing”, as Thailand was formerly Siam. The French labeled it as “Le Sport Orient” or the fighting style of the orient. Soldiers from Europe and America would watch attentively as the Thai soldiers practiced Muay Thai amongst themselves. They were so impressed with the style of fighting that they asked the Thai soldiers to teach them the fundamentals and traditions of Muay Thai. As it became more popular internationally, the rules began to change so it could be better organized and governed like established sports such as boxing. In the 1920′s, rings were introduced to replace open courtyards, which ultimately planted the roots of modern Muay Thai.
Gloves similar to those used in boxing matches replaced the old horsehide, hemp rope or leather bindings and a hard-cover groin protector was added as extra protection from brutal kicks and knees.
The first formal rules were introduced to the sport of Muay Thai after WW II ended. Fights were divided into 5 rounds with a time limit on each; a clock was used to determine the length of each round instead of a coconut shell with holes sinking in a barrel of water, and major Muay Thai stadiums were erected in large cities thoughout the country (namely Bangkok, Sukothai and Chiang Mai). Bangkok’s Lumpini Stadium is now almost considered the “holy ground” to the masses of Muay Thai fighters, local and foreign. An integrated system of weight-classes, absolute rules and championships was brought to life in the years ahead as the organization of the sport began to resemble boxing.
Unlike boxing in Europe and America, Muay Thai fighters make very little money fighting. Many will take fights every 3-4 weeks, earning 4000-6000 baht ($100), which is barely enough to support themselves, let alone a family if they have one.
Muay Thai fighters train many hours a day and often begin when they are 6-8 years of age. They typically take their first fight when they are 8-10 years old and may accumulate as many as 120-150 (3 times as many as an active boxer) before they reach their mid-twenties. Due to how physically demanding the sport is, and how early the average Thai begins fighting, Muay Thai fighters generally do not have long careers. Muay Thai fighters are known for their tough skin and ability to ignore pain and injuries, which are quite common. The fighters deal with everything from cuts and lacerations to the face and head to broken bones and severe sprains throughout their careers.
Today Muay Thai is becoming very popular on a global scale. It was recently accepted as an Olympic sport, finally gaining it’s deserved recognition. Professional martial artists from all sides of the fighting spectrum agree, Muay Thai is essential to becoming an all-around multifaceted fighter. As new training camps and gyms open around the world, Muay Thai will continue to grow in popularity.

*Early Muay Thai Style Training Methods*

Before there were TWINS Muay Thai heavy bags, agility balls, long banana bags and other equipment we use to today, Muay Thai fighters had to be resourceful and rely on readily available tools to help them train and condition. Thailand’s tropical environment garners an abundance of banana and coconut trees, rivers and streams and manual labor; all of which fighters relied on to become better and more skilled in the sport. One of the most popular and well known training techniques of “old-style” Muay Thai fighters was kicking banana trees. The soft and porous nature of the banana tree was ideal for practicing leg kicks and knee strikes. Fighters would practicing striking using a tree around 18-24 inches in diameter, and slowly wore it down using a variety of techniques until it fell over. The banana tree was preferred because it was soft enough to not damage the fighters leg, but hard enough to powerfully strike with kicks or knees many times before it would fall over.
Often times fighters would roll small logs along their shins or strike them with bags of sand, the intention being to toughen the skin and build calluses which would provide extra protection during a fight. Hard shins and tough skin were an important part of being a good Muay Thai fighter.
The Thai women would collect the fallen leaves of the banana trees in an effort to not waste anything. They would use them as serving plates for food and cut sections from the tree to form “Kratongs”, which are small, floating decorations used on the Thai holiday “Loy Kratong.”
The coconut tree was also utilized in many creative ways when it came to training. The Thai fighters would often climb them to strengthen their legs, slowly pushing with their feet and contracting their thigh muscles. The rough bark helped harden their feet, and even the coconuts themselves were used to aid in training. The fighters would place half of a broken coconut shell on the ground, partially fill it with sand, and then repeatedly strike their elbows into the shell and sand. This helped them practice their aim while similtaneously toughening their elbows, making them hard and coarse for fighting.
To practice striking accuracy on a moving target, the Thai warriors would often hang a coconut or lime from a string or vine and punch, kick, elbow and knee the moving target which mimiced their opponent in the ring.
It is also believed that the fighters would slowly and methodically strike the hard husk of a coconut with their fists until it split, exposing the fruit inside. This can still be seen at Muay Thai shows for tourists throughout the Kingdom of Thailand.
Another popular and effective method for strength training was digging a small pit from knee to waist deep to jump in an out of. The fighter would only use the strength and explosive power of his legs to propel him upwards and land on his feet. This is very similar to the modern practice of plyometric training popular among Muay Thai and MMA fighters today. Thai fighters would also practice walking against the current of a strong stream and through thick, muddy rice fields to help build strong calf and thigh muscles.
In order to practice not blinking their eyes when getting struck in the face, the Muay Thai fighters would stand in rivers and slap the water into their faces while attempting to keep their eyes open. rivers to force themselves to keep their eyes open and not cover them as water splashes into their faces.
Another favored and very popular Muay Thai training technique is called the Muay Thai circle. A group of fighters would form a circle with one person in the middle. The fighter in the middle would then train with each person in the circle for a designated amount of time, switching at even intervals. They would often go through 5-6 opponents in a row, for approximately 10 minutes, to improve their clinching skills while building endurance and stamina. If a fighter can train for 10 minutes without a break, then a 3 minute round in the ring will be much easier to endure. The Muay Thai circle of training is still practiced today, and is a training technique commonly used at Tiger Muay Thai and MMA training camp, Phuket, Thailand.


Reference: http://www.tigermuaythai.com/phuket-thailand/about-muay-thai/history.html

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